MODULE 1:PLANTATION AND ADAPTATION OF TREE

                                                                     Plantation        

A plantation is an agricultural estate, generally centered on a plantation trees, meant for farming that specializes in cash crops, usually mainly planted with a single crop, with perhaps ancillary areas for vegetables for eating and so on. The crops that are grown include cotton, cannabis,  cofee, tea, cocoa, sugar cane, opium, sisal, oil palms, fruits, rubber trees and forest trees.  

                                                    

                                                    A palm plantation

• IMPORTANCE OF PLANTATIONS

plants are not only important ,they are essential for living .

They provide us oxygen, filter carbon dioxide, prevent soil erosion, maintain the ecological balance and many more. Also, they provide us food, shelter and many useful things.

Tree Plantation drives combat many environmental issues like deforestation, erosion of soil, desertification in semi-arid areas, global warming and hence enhancing the beauty and balance of the environment. Trees absorb harmful gases and emit oxygen resulting in an increase in oxygen supply. On average, a single tree emits 260 pounds of oxygen annually. Similarly, a fully-grown tree is sufficient for 18 human beings in one acre of land in one year stressing the importance of tree plantation for mankind.

Tree Plantation drives combat many environmental issues like deforestation, erosion of soil, desertification in semi-arid areas, global warming and hence enhancing the beauty and balance of the environment. Trees absorb harmful gases and emit oxygen resulting in an increase in oxygen supply.

• charecteristics of plantation farming:

• Farm size in plantation agriculture is 40 hectares or above.
• This is large-scale agriculture where only a single crop is cultivated.
• As plantation agriculture is practised on hilly tracks, using machines is impossible. ...
• This type of agriculture does not produce food grains.

As shown in the above picture ,It was a bright sunny day .on 30-11-2022 we planted some of the plants in our college campus as a part of social responsibility and connectivity activity.

This activity was indeed a great fun and part of our responsibility too. All the faculty's and HOD of our department supported for this wonderful work. This activity made our college campus green and healthy thus by leading to an healthy india.

                                             

                                            :Adaptation:

Adaptations are special features that allow a plant or animal to live in a particular place or habitat. These adaptations might make it very difficult for the plant to survive in a different placeFor example, seaweed is a plant adapted for its underwater environment. Cacti are adapted for the desert environment.

The environmental factors affecting trees are climate, soils, topography, and biota. Each species of tree adapts to these factors in an integrated way—that is, by evolving specific subpopulations adapted to the constraints of their particular environments. As discussed above, the major factor is the decrease in temperature with increasing elevation or extremes in latitude. Each subpopulation adapts to this by modifying the optimum temperature at which the all-important process of photosynthesis takes place.

Many tree species that survive in unfavourable habitats actually grow better in more-favourable habitats if competition is eliminated. Such trees have a low threshold for competition but are very tolerant of extremes. For example, the black spruce (Picea mariana) is found in bogs and mountaintops in the northeastern United States but cannot compete well with other trees, such as red spruce (P. rubens), on better sites. Consequently, in the White Mountains of New Hampshire in the northeastern United States, red spruce is found at the base of the mountains and black spruce at the top, with some development of subspecies populations (hybridization) at intermediate elevations.

What is an adaptation in plants?Plant adaptation is when a species develops special features to improve its chances of survival. Adaptations evolve over a long period of time, and they are inheritable, meaning they are passed on to offspring.
Types of Adaptation in Plants:
There are three types of adaptation - structural adaptation, behavioural adaptation, and physiological adaptation.

As seen in above pictures ,we went to coconut plantation which is situated at the outskirts of chitradurga.it containied like minimum of 150-250 cocunut trees which are big and strong.