MODULE 4:WATER CONSERVATION

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 WATER CONSERVATION

Water conservation is the practice of using water efficiently to reduce unnecessary water usage. According to Fresh Water Watch, water conservation is important because fresh clean water is a limited resource, as well as a costly one. 

Water conservation involves reducing the use of freshwater and ensuring it is used efficiently in order to address issues of water scarcity. Conserving water also involves preventing pollution to maximize the amount of freshwater available for use.

Introduction: 

Water is a very important resource in our life. Water is becoming scarce due to increase in Population, industries and agricultural activities and due to poor rainfall.A report of 2009 suggested that by 2030, in some developing regions of the world, water demand will exceed supply by 50%. Water plays an important role in the world economy, as it functions as a solvent for a wide variety of chemical substances and facilitates industrial cooling and transportation.


Water conservation usually refers to the preservation of freshwater as opposed to salt water, since we need freshwater for things like drinking water and agriculture. Freshwater is water found in lakes, rivers, and other ‘surface’ water, and makes up only about three percent of the earth’s total water. Freshwater is defined as having less than 1,000 parts per million (ppm) of salt by weight, compared to saltwater, which can have between 1,000 to 35,000 ppm of salt. For reference, ocean water usually has about 35,000 ppm of salt.

one thing to note when defining water conservation is that desalination, or removing salt from water, isn’t necessarily a form of water conservation. While this is a process that can be useful for certain regions experiencing water scarcity, it requires large amounts of energy. Many argue that conserving freshwater is a more important goal than creating it from saltwater because it addresses the underlying issues of water scarcity, overuse, and drought that I’ll cover in the next section.

 Goals of Water Conservation 

1) Sustainability: To ensure availability for future generations, the withdrawal of fresh water from an ecosystem should not exceed its natural replacement rate. 

2) Energy conservation: Water pumping, delivery, and wastewater treatment facilities consume a significant amount of energy. In some regions of the world over 15% of total electricity consumption is devoted to water management. 

3) Habitat conservation: Minimizing human water use helps to preserve fresh water habitats for local wildlife and migrating water flow, as well as reducing the need to build new dams and other water diversion infrastructure. Water harvesting and conservation Water conservation refers to reducing the usage of water and recycling of waste water for different purposes like domestic usage, industries, agriculture etc.

 

Methods of Water Conservation: 

1. Protection of Water from Pollution;

2. Redistribution of Water 

3. Rational Use of Groundwater 

4. Renovation of Traditional Water Sources

5. Use of Modern Irrigation Methods 

6. Increasing Forest Cover 

7. Change in Crop Pattern

8. Flood Management 

9. Conserving Water in Industries 

10. Conservation of water by Municipal authorities 

11. Use rainwater effectively

12. Make effective use of soil water reserves 13. Take measures to avoid run off

 14. Avoid wasting water through evaporation

15. Reduce water losses through drainage 16. Plan your irrigation

 17. Contour Farming& Contour Ploughing

Why Is Water Conservation Important?

Freshwater is not only needed for drinking water, but it is essential to grow food, produce nearly everything we buy and use, and support wildlife and the healthy functioning of ecosystems.



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